When to plant grapes in Caxias do Sul

Why these dates

Plant dormant. Prune only in midwinter when the vine is fully dormant - cut later and it bleeds sap heavily from the wounds. The framework is permanent; the fruit comes on shoots from one-year-old wood, so pruning is about renewal rather than tidiness.

The dormant vine is hardy to around -15C, some American varieties considerably lower. The danger is the emerging bud in spring, which is killed at about -2C, and a late frost then removes the fruiting shoots for that year.

Grapes are planted once and then left in place, so there is no sowing offset to resolve. What matters in Caxias do Sul is the shape of the year: this crop is dormant through the winter and is planted while it sleeps, any time between leaf fall in autumn and the restart of growth in spring, so long as the ground is neither frozen nor waterlogged. That is why the window below spans the cold months rather than sitting in the middle of the growing season.

Hardiness is not the obstacle here. Caxias do Sul is zone 9b, comfortably inside the range this crop is rated for, so an established plant should come through an average winter without protection.

One caution specific to warm climates: this crop needs roughly 150 hours below 7.2°C (45°F) over winter before it will flower properly, and the coldest month in Caxias do Sul averages 12.6°C (54.7°F). Low-chill varieties exist for exactly this situation and are worth seeking out by name.

Do not expect a crop in the first year. A plant set out now should give its first worthwhile pick around year 3, and will then produce every year after that, which is what makes the planting decision worth getting right the first time.

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